How do we achieve gender parity in STEM fields, particularly when it comes to invention and innovation? The share of patents that include at least one woman as an inventor increased from about 7% in the 1980s to 21% by 2016. And though the number of women in science and engineering classes and workplaces is growing, men continue to outnumber women at the top levels of science, innovation, and invention. 50% of women who begin work in STEM leave after 12 years and the majority of them move out of STEM within the first 5 years. Employers, educational institutions, and other organizations strive to correct the gender imbalance in STEM and innovation, but where does the discrepancy between men and women in innovation come from, and what can be done to change it?