Electrifying our transportation system and expanding the role of EV batteries to reduce GHG emissions requires increased mining and processing of critical minerals, putting traditional environmental concerns between a rock and a hard place. The recent bipartisan infrastructure law includes domestic production requirements for the EV tax credit, which could be impossible to achieve in the current landscape. Moreover, relying on imports of critical minerals from countries with questionable environmental and labor practices would undermine responsible actors. Can new domestic mining techniques break through the impasse? This expert panel will drill deep to separate the diamond from the rough for a productive path forward.