Quantum computing has made extraordinary progress in the past year, with ‘breakthrough' achievements touted almost weekly. However, while quantum computing now seems inevitable (to most), the timescale and the degree of adoption and impact remain uncertain. There are engineering challenges to solve for every qubit modality, substantial reductions needed in errors and noise, questions about which real problems will have algorithms suitable for significant quantum advantage, and practical issues in integrating quantum computers effectively with classical infrastructure. There is also the challenge of training a new workforce to produce quantum technologies at scale, create quantum algorithms, and to develop useful, high-impact hybrid applications for business, research, and national security. In this session, we will examine each of these challenges and what it will take to address them, and discuss what this means for when and how different types of customers should begin their quantum computing journey.